Which of the following situations falls under the doctrine of Fair Use?

The doctrine of Fair Use allows for limited use of copyrighted material without needing to seek permission from the copyright holder, particularly in certain contexts that are deemed socially beneficial or transformative. One key situation that falls under Fair Use is parody. Parody involves imitating or making fun of a work to comment on or critique the original, and it often serves a purpose of social commentary or satire. This transformative aspect is crucial; by changing the original work's message through humor or critique, the parody is generally viewed as offering new insights or perspectives, which aligns with the principles of Fair Use.

In contrast, other scenarios such as commercial use of art may not qualify for Fair Use since they can primarily benefit the user financially without transformative characteristics. Building upon copyrighted work, while possibly falling into creative reinterpretation, typically requires permission from the original creator if significant portions of the work are used. Unauthorized reproduction directly infringes on copyright, as it involves replicating a work without consent for profit or distribution, which clearly exceeds the boundaries set by Fair Use.