What are visual metaphors in design?

Visual metaphors in design refer to symbols or images that convey deeper meanings or concepts that go beyond their literal interpretation. They rely on the viewer's ability to make connections between the image presented and the idea or message being communicated. For instance, a lightbulb could represent an idea or innovation, as it evokes the common association of a lightbulb going off when a person has a new thought. This deeper metaphoric use allows designers to communicate complex messages succinctly and effectively, creating a richer experience for the viewer.

The other options do not capture the essence of visual metaphors. Literal representations focus solely on depicting objects as they are, without inferring any additional meaning or context. Simple icons used for branding can serve functional purposes but may not carry the same layered significance that visual metaphors provide. Abstract designs without context lack the clarity and conceptual depth needed to function effectively as metaphors, as they do not connect to a specific idea or message in the viewer's mind.