In graphic design, what does "typography" primarily refer to?

Typography primarily refers to the arrangement and style of text in a design. This encompasses various elements such as font choice, size, line spacing, letter spacing, alignment, and overall layout. Typography plays a crucial role in communication and is essential in setting the tone or mood of the design. It can influence readability and user interaction, ultimately impacting how the audience perceives the message being conveyed.

Effective typography considers not just the aesthetic qualities but also functional aspects—ensuring that text is legible and engages the viewer effectively. Good typographic practices can enhance the overall visual hierarchy of a design, making it easier for viewers to navigate and understand the content.